在备考托福听力的过程中,不少学生常感文章大意把握得住,却在细节题目上频频失分。值得注意的是,细节题作为托福听力中的常驻题型,普遍成为各分数层次学生易错的难点。
经仔细剖析,我们发现细节题的错误选项存在共性规律。今天,小曼老师将教大家如何甄别并排除这些干扰项。
托福听力讲座的信息结构清晰,每个段落都围绕中心论点展开论述。所谓“张冠李戴”的错误选项,是指将某一段落的中心论点与其论证细节相错位。
比如A段落应该对应A论证过程、B段落应该对应B论证过程,但是一个问A观点怎样论证的细节题,选项中出现了B论证过程,这就叫做张冠李戴。
这类选项的内容虽然可能在原文中有据可依,但因与题目询问的具体段落不匹配,常误导考生做出错误选择。
这是细节题错误选项中最好排除的选项类型,因为这类选项描述的内容经常在文章中根本没有出现过,所以对于听的比较清楚的考生来说比较容易排除。
然而,考生们需要格外小心的是,有些人在没有完全听懂听力材料的情况下,可能会倾向于选择一个听起来符合日常生活逻辑的选项。但很多时候,这种看似合理的选项实际上在文章中并未提及,我们称之为“无中生有”的细节题错误选项。
下面我们来分析2个例题,直观的感受一下细节题的常见错误选项。
对应原文文本: Now from a business standpoint, infrastructure purchases can be great investments. If a company buys or gets a long-term lease on a toll bridge from the government, it’s got an almost guaranteed steady source of revenue for years and years. Which means that if a company decides it wants to sell the bridge to another company, say, ten years from now, it’ll have no problem finding a buyer. Q6. According to the professor, what is likely to happen when a bridge provides steady revenue for a private company? A.The bridge will be well maintained in the long term. B.The company will not raise tolls. C.Other companies will be interested in buying the bridge. D.Voters will pressure the government to buy back the bridge.
本题对应段落观点是第一句,听到后同义转换后可得出正确答案选择C选项,
A选项错误原因:无中生有,全文都没有提到
B选项错误原因:张冠李戴,tolls是文章前面段落讨论的内容,本段未提到
D选项错误原因:张冠李戴,voters是文章前面段落讨论的内容,本段未提到
📌例题2:Official16-L4,对应原文音频1:09-1:34
对应原文文本: Back then, the artists made their own glass, but first they came up with the design. Paper was scarce and expensive, so typically they drew the design onto a white tabletop. They’d draw the principal outline but also outline the shape of each piece of glass to be used and indicate its color. Q3. During the Middle Ages, what was one of the first steps that artists used in making a stained-glass window? A.They draw the design onto the top of a table B.They created models of the design with lead strips C.They draw an outline of the design directly onto a piece of glass D.They painted the design on paper.
本题对应段落观点也是第一句,听到后同义转换后可得出正确答案选择A选项
B选项错误原因:张冠李戴,lead是文章后面段落讨论的内容,本段未提到
C选项错误原因:半对半错,本选项除了directly这个词错误,其它词都是原文元词
D选项错误原因:半对半错,本段确实提到了paper,但是和选项内容正好相反,可以归类为半对半错