备考托福过程中，大部分考生都意识到逻辑思维的重要性，事实上逻辑思维贯穿了听说读写各个方面。
同样在做听力的过程中，我们要了解相应的逻辑，知己知彼方能百战百胜嘛，那接下来我们就来看看托福听力讲座的常见几种逻辑结构吧:
1.在开头，教授会提出一个问题，一般这个问题在学术界是难以解决的；接下来，教授会分条列举这个问题在学术界的一些解决手段；最后得出结论，常见的2种结论要么是这个问题被解决了，要么是这个问题仍然悬而未决。 Eg：Professor: It’s as if floating objects act as magnets for fish. The fish are attracted to them and just hang out there for extended periods. The behavior must serve some purpose, but what? Any ideas? Paul? Okay, before we get to any of those, let’s start with one of the first hypotheses researchers ever considered which was developed on the basis of the behavior of tuna, and that’s the meeting point hypothesis. Professor: Okay, the shelter from predators and food supply hypotheses. Well, juveniles from all species are more vulnerable to predators than adults are. And in many specie 这篇lecture关于鱼群聚集行为的问题，给出了学术界不同的两个观点，一个是the meeting hypothesis，另一个是 the shelter from predators and food supply hypotheses。 2.首先，教授会告诉大家他所要介绍的物品是什么;然后，教授会对这个物品的作者、社会或历史背景等方面进行解读；接下来同样，教授可能会运用举例子的方式来介绍这个物品的特点;最后有些时候，还会说明它的意义和影响，甚至教授对此物品的看法。 Eg：Professor: So, we’ll be examining the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright and the philosophy behind his design. For Wright, the idea for each building’s structure had to evolve from and be in harmony with its site, the geographical qualities of its particular environment. This was the essence of a philosophy he developed called organic architecture. Out of all the buildings he designed perhaps the most significant embodiment of that philosophy is the building known as Falling Water. 这是一篇建筑学的lecture，讲解的建筑是Frank Lloyd Wright的 falling water 落水山庄，以及它背后所涉及到的建造理论。 3.以时间为主线，常见于历史、考古学中。要么是某件事物本身的发展会随着时间的变化变得越来越好，要么是人们对某个事物（比如某个文物）的看法随着时间的变化而发生了改变。最后得出的结论大都是最新的结论要比以前的结论先进一些。 Eg：Professor: Probably the most important musical development of the twentieth century was the emergence of electronic music. The ability to generate sound electronically opened up many new possibilities for composers. So, let’s look at three major breakthroughs in this area. The first was magnetic tape as a recording medium....... Now, the next breakthrough was the synthesizer. .......... Professor: Right. Many composers don’t even use musical instruments anymore. 这篇lecture 通过时间先后顺序依次介绍了音乐的发展历史，从magnetic tape到synthesizer再到computer。 4.教授通过同时谈论两个事物的特点、背景和地位等方面进行对比。出现对比经常会出细节题，考查两种事物在某一方面的不同点。 Eg：Professor: We’ve been talking about early civilizations. Those that existed seven to eight thousand years ago. And today I’d like to talk about the switch from foraging, or searching for whatever wild food was available, to farming, intentionally cultivating crops. 通过对比 foraging 和farming来讲解知识点